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    Limonene structure

    Medicinal qualities:

    Anti-inflammatory

    Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citrus latifolia Tanaka Essential Oil and Limonene in Experimental Mouse Models.

    Kummer, R., Fachini-Queiroz, F. C., Estevão-Silva, C. F., Grespan, R., Silva, E. L., Bersani-Amado, C. A., & Cuman, R. K. (2013)

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    Anti-anxiety & Sedative

    Anti-stress effects of d-limonene and its metabolite perillyl alcohol.

    d’Alessio, P. A., Bisson, J. F., & Béné, M. C. (2014)

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    Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L.

    Carvalho-Freitas, M. I., & Costa, M. (2002)

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    Effects of the essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. in experimental anxiety models in mice.

    de Moraes Pultrini, A., Galindo, L. A., Costa, M. (2006)

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    Central effects of citral, myrcene and limonene, constituents of essential oil chemotypes from Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown.

    Gurgel do Vale, T., Couto Furtado, E., Santos Jr., J. G., & Viana, G. S. B. (2002)

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    Antidepressant

    Antihyperalgesic and antidepressive actions of (R)-(+)-limonene, α-phellandrene, and essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius fruits in a neuropathic pain model.

    Piccinelli, A. C., Santos, J. A., Konkiewitz, E. C., Oesterreich, S. A., Formagio, A. S., Croda, J., Ziff, E. B., & Kassuya, C. A. (2015)

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    Analgesic

    Limonene reduces hyperalgesia induced by gp120 and cytokines by modulation of IL-1 β and protein expression in spinal cord of mice.

    Piccinelli, A. C., Morato, P. N., Dos Santos Barbosa, M., Croda, J., Sampson, J., Kong, X., Konkiewitz, E. C., Ziff, E. B., Amaya-Farfan, J., & Kassuya, C. A. (2017)

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    Reduces Drug-Dependency Behavior

    Limonene Inhibits Methamphetamine-Induced Sensitizations via the Regulation of Dopamine Receptor Supersensitivity

    Gu, S. M., Kim, S. Y., Lamichhane, S., Hong, J.T., & Yun, J. (2019)

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    Antioxidant

    Protective effects of D-limonene on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

    Murali, R., Karthikeyan, A., & Saravanan, R. (2013)

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    Antioxidative and Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Lemon Essential Oil in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Rabbits.

    Lee, H., Woo, M., Kim, M., Noh, J. S., & Song, Y. O. (2018)

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    In vitro

    Anti-cancer

    Targeting apoptosis pathway with natural terpenoids: implications for treatment of breast and prostate cancer.

    Yang, H., & Dou, Q. P. (2010)

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    Induction of apoptosis by D-limonene is mediated by inactivation of Akt in LS174T human colon cancer cells.

    Jia, S. S., Xi, G. P., Zhang, M., Chen, Y. B., Lei, B., Dong, X. S., & Yang, Y. M. (2013)

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    Limonene-induced regression of mammary carcinomas.

     

     

     

     

    Haag, J. D., Lindstrom, M. J., & Gould, M. N. (1992)

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    Anti-inflammatory

    Limonene suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

    Yoon, W. J., Lee, N. H., & Hyun, C. G. (2010)

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    Antioxidant

    Protective Effect of D-Limonene against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Damage in Human Lens Epithelial Cells via the p38 Pathway.

    Bai, J., Zheng, Y., Wang, G., & Liu, P. (2016)

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    The antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of citrus phenolics limonene and naringin.

    Bacanlı, M., Başaran, A. A., & Başaran, N. (2015)

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    In vivo & in vitro

    Anti-inflammatory

    Skin repair properties of d-Limonene and perillyl alcohol in murine models.

    d’Alessio, P. A., Mirshahi, M., Bisson, J. F., Bene, M. C. (2014)

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    Gastrointestinal health

    Oral administration of d-limonene controls inflammation in rat colitis and displays anti-inflammatory properties as diet supplementation in humans.

    d’Alessio, P. A., Ostan, R., Bisson, J. F., Schulzke, J. D., Ursini, M. V., & Béné, M. C. (2013)

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    High D-Limonene strain-specific terpene formulations:

    Skunk #1 Terpenes bottle
    CoA

    One of the most famous strains, characterized by its dominant pungent skunky aroma

    50ml / 1.7oz$18900
    250ml / 8.4oz$78500
    Super lemon haze terpene bottle
    CoA

    A ‘Terpinolene’ dominant sativa strain with refreshing citrus aroma

    50ml / 1.7oz$24400
    250ml / 8.4oz$1,01700

    Skin Repair

    Skin repair properties of d-Limonene and perillyl alcohol in murine models.

    d’Alessio PA, Mirshahi M, Bisson JF, Bene MC1. (2014)

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    Wound Healing Effect of Essential Oil Extracted from Eugenia dysenterica DC (Myrtaceae) Leaves

    Sandra Márcia Mazutti da Silva, Claudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa, Guilherme Martins Gelfuso,3 Eliete Neves Silva Guerra,2 Yanna Karla de Medeiros Nóbrega,1 Sueli Maria Gomes,4 Aline Pic-Taylor, Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo, Damaris Silveira, and Pérola de Oliveira Magalhães. (2019)

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    Protective Effect of D-Limonene against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Damage in Human Lens Epithelial Cells via the p38 Pathway.

    Bai J1, Zheng Y, Wang G, Liu P. (2016)

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